Facts about Roman à Clef
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Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises is considered a classic roman à clef, with characters based on real figures from his Lost Generation expatriate circle in Paris.
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Mary McCarthy's The Group is widely recognized as a roman à clef, drawing on her experiences at Vassar College and her circle of literary acquaintances.
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Roman à clef as a literary concept dates back at least to seventeenth-century France, with early examples written to comment on court scandals and political intrigue.
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Aldous Huxley's Point Counter Point is frequently cited as a classic roman à clef, featuring thinly veiled portraits of D.H. Lawrence and other contemporaries.
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The genre includes notable examples such as Primary Colors, whose anonymous author was later revealed to be journalist Joe Klein.
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A roman à clef is a novel in which real people or events appear under fictional names, with the French term literally meaning 'novel with a key.