Facts about Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate
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Engineers deployed one ATOC sound source off Kauai's Kaneohe Bay and another near Pioneer Seamount off California, transmitting around 75 Hz starting in 1995.
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A key goal of Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate was detecting long-term warming trends in the deep ocean by tracking subtle changes in sound travel times over years.
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Concerns about potential harm to marine mammals from low-frequency sound transmissions led to environmental impact studies being conducted before ATOC operations proceeded.
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ATOC used low-frequency sound sources near Hawaii and heard signals at receivers spanning the Pacific Ocean basin.
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Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate exploits the principle that sound travels faster through warmer water, allowing temperature changes to be inferred from travel-time variations.
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The Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate project measures ocean temperature by timing how long low-frequency sound takes to travel thousands of kilometers through water.