Facts about Emotional Labor

1. 05

   The term emotional labor was later extended beyond the workplace to describe the invisible relational work of managing others' feelings in personal relationships.

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2. 04

   In unpaid domestic and caregiving contexts, emotional labor is often disproportionately performed by women, a pattern noted across multiple sociological studies.

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3. 03

   Research links high levels of emotional labor to burnout, emotional exhaustion, and reduced job satisfaction, particularly in service and caregiving occupations.

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4. 02

   Hochschild distinguished two strategies of emotional labor: surface acting, where workers change outward expressions, and deep acting, where they alter internal feelings.

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5. 01

   Sociologist Arlie Hochschild introduced the concept of emotional labor in her 1983 book The Managed Heart, examining how flight attendants manage feelings as part of their job.

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