Facts about Expectancy Effects Learning
- 06
Students seated farther from teachers in classrooms received approximately 25 percent fewer opportunities to respond to questions, demonstrating how physical proximity reflects and reinforces expectancy-based inequities in learning environments.
- 05
Differential feedback patterns showed that teachers praised correct answers from high-expectancy students 40 percent more frequently than identical correct responses from low-expectancy students in Brophy and Good's 1970 classroom observations.
- 04
Brophy and Good's 1970 observational study revealed that teachers waited 50 percent longer for high-expectancy students to answer questions before providing assistance or moving to another student.
- 03
In 1982, Babad, Inbar, and Rosenthal demonstrated that students' nonverbal behaviors and seating positions in classrooms reflected teacher expectancy effects, with favored students receiving more eye contact and closer spatial proximity.
- 02
Teachers in Lee Jussim's 1989 meta-analysis found that expectancy effects accounted for only 5-10 percent of variance in student achievement, challenging the magnitude of Rosenthal's findings.
- 01
Rosenthal and Jacobson's 1968 Pygmalion in the Classroom study found that students randomly labeled as intellectual bloomers showed an average IQ gain of 12 points over eight months due to teacher expectancy effects.