Facts about State-dependent memory
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Pharmacological state-dependent memory causes individuals to retrieve information more readily when under the influence of the same drug used during initial learning, with benzodiazepine studies showing up to 35 percent improvement in recall accuracy.
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Nicotine-dependent memory shows smokers recall information 20 percent better when tested while nicotine levels are elevated compared to when nicotine has been metabolized from their system.
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Body temperature changes during learning influence state-dependent memory, with participants recalling information 25 percent better when tested at the same body temperature they experienced during initial encoding.
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Mood-dependent memory causes people to recall emotionally-valenced information more easily when their current emotional state matches the state they were in during learning, as demonstrated in 1981 experiments by Gordon Bower.
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Caffeine consumption enhances state-dependent memory retrieval in 2008 research where participants recalled word lists better when tested after caffeine ingestion if they had learned the words in a caffeinated state.
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Alcohol consumption creates state-dependent memory effects where intoxicated individuals recall information learned while drinking better when tested in the same intoxicated state than when sober.
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Divers who learned information underwater recalled it 40 percent better when tested underwater rather than on land, demonstrating state-dependent memory effects in 1975 research.